Definition
A participle is a form of a verb that is
used in a sentence to modify a noun or noun phrase, and thus
plays a role similar to that of
an adjective or adverb (some languages have distinct forms
for adverbial participles and adjectival participles). It is one of the types
of non-finite verb forms. The past participle is a verb form
that indicates a completed action. It is used in perfect aspects,
adverb clauses, and the passive voice.
For regular verbs, the past participle takes the same form
as the simple past. Note that the morpheme –ed is added to
the base form of the verb. There are some small irregularities
concerning this –ed ending that are explained in the lesson on
the simple past. Here are some regular verbs in their three forms:
base
form
|
simple
past
|
past
participle
|
talk
|
talked
|
talked
|
listen
|
listened
|
listened
|
stabilize
|
stabilized
|
stabilized
|
The simple past and past participles of most irregular verbs
are formed by a change in spelling, but for some there is no change at all:
base
form
|
simple
past
|
past
participle
|
eat
|
ate
|
eaten
|
think
|
thought
|
thought
|
cut
|
cut
|
cut
|
Example
1. I think your staff are … because they have been working hard
all day.
A. Tired
B. Tiring
C. Was tired
D. Were tired
Analisa : jawaban yang benar dari kalimat diatas adalah A “tired”
karena ia berfungsi sebagai predicative adjective yang menjelaskan perasaan “staff”
2. The organic products will be … immediately after I
receive your payment.
A. Sent
B. Sending
C. Send
D. was sent
Analisa : jawaban yang benar dari kalimat diatas adalah A “sent”
karena ia digunakan untuk passive voice”
3. The coffee ____ in this café is good
A. is brewed
B. brewed
C. was brewed
D, brew
Analisa : jawaban yang benar adalah B “brewed” karena
fungsinya sebagai adjective dengan subjek “the coffee”
4. All of the .... prisoners were caught by the people.
A. Escape
B. Was escaped
C. Having escaped
D. Escaped
Analisa : jawaban yang benar adalah E “escaped” karena
subject prisoner memerlukan keterangan pasif sehingga jawabannya past participle(escaped)
5. ___ as a territory in 1854 and admitted as a state in 1861, Kansas
is at the geographical center of the United States.
A. Organize
B. Organized
C. Was organize
D. Were organized
Analisa : jawaban yang benar adalah a karena untuk
menerangkan kata benda “as a territory” maka dibutuhkan past participle.
1. The food is served in this restaurant is delicious
Analisa : kalimat diatas salah karena mengandung “is served” yang seharusnya hanya “served”
yang merupakan past participle sebagai adjective
2. The plane landed on the deserted runaway
Analisa : subjek kalimat diatas adalah “The plane” dan
verbnya adalah “Landed” untuk “Deserted” adalah past participle sebagai
adjective. Kalimat di atas benar
3. The unexpected guests arrived just at dinnertime
Analisa : subjek kalimat diatas adalah “The unexpected guests”
dan verbnya adalah “arrived” unexpected merupakan participle sebagai adjective.
Kalimat di atas benar
4. The course are listed in the catalogue are required courses
Analisa : Kalimat diatas salah karena mengandung “are listed”
yang seharusnya hanya “listed” past participle sebagai adjective
5. The teacher found the lost exam
Analisa : subjek kalimat diatas adalah “The teacher” dan
verbnya adalah “found” untuk “lost” adalah past participle sebagai adjective
Source :
Tener + Past Participle: A Case
Study in Linguistic Description(https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=xKH-TnxMM9AC&dq=past+participle&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s)
Bank Soal & Strategi TOEFL:
Bank Soal & Strategi TOEFL(https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=D0SMBAAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s)
